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VIP

A naturally occurring neuropeptide with anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and immune-modulating properties. Early clinical data exists for pulmonary hypertension; other therapeutic uses remain under investigation.

ModerateModerate Data

Always consult a qualified clinician

This information is for educational purposes. Peptide therapy should be guided by a licensed healthcare provider. Connect with a Noho clinician

What is VIP?

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid neuropeptide found throughout the body, particularly in the gut, brain, and immune system. Its synthetic form, aviptadil, has been tested in multiple RCTs for COVID-19-related respiratory failure and ARDS. VIP has also been investigated for pulmonary hypertension, autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, Sjogren syndrome), and neurological disorders. It is used in the Shoemaker Protocol for CIRS, though published controlled trial data for that indication is limited.

Why People Talk About It

COVID-19 / ARDS (aviptadil)

Moderate

Chronic inflammatory response syndrome (CIRS)

Preliminary

Autoimmune diseases (RA, lupus, Sjogren)

Emerging

Gut inflammation and motility

Emerging

Neuroprotection (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's)

Emerging

Pulmonary hypertension

Emerging

How It Works

VIP is thought to act as a natural anti-inflammatory messenger in the body. Preclinical and early clinical research suggests it may help calm overactive immune responses, protect nerve cells, and regulate gut function. Its mechanism via VPAC1/VPAC2 receptors is well-characterized, though translating this into proven therapies is still in progress.

Common Questions

Safety Information

Important Safety Notes

Common Side Effects

Nasal congestion (nasal spray)Mild diarrheaFlushing

Cautions

  • Should be used under clinician guidance
  • Not FDA-approved for any indication
  • Contraindicated in some cardiac conditions
  • Clinical safety data from controlled trials is limited

What We Don't Know

Long-term effects of exogenous VIP supplementation are not well characterized. Most therapeutic claims rely on small studies, case series, or preclinical data. Interaction with endogenous VIP signaling needs more study.

Published Research

27 studies

Inhalation of vasoactive intestinal peptide in pulmonary hypertension

Clinical TrialPMID: 18978135

Vasoactive intestinal peptide in pulmonary arterial hypertension

ReviewPMID: 22467806

The role of vasoactive intestinal peptide in pulmonary diseases

ReviewPMID: 37742737

Vasoactive intestinal peptide in the immune system: potential therapeutic role in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases

ReviewPMID: 11862320

The Anti-Inflammatory Mediator, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Modulates the Differentiation and Function of Th Subsets in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Clinical TrialPMID: 30155495

Neuroprotection: a comparative view of vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide

ReviewPMID: 17513014

From vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) through activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) to NAP: a view of neuroprotection and cell division

ReviewPMID: 14501014

Advantages of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide for the Future Treatment of Parkinson's Disease

ReviewPMID: 30636594

Recent advances in vasoactive intestinal peptide physiology and pathophysiology: focus on the gastrointestinal system

ReviewPMID: 31559013

Therapeutic potential of vasoactive intestinal peptide and its receptor VPAC2 in type 2 diabetes

ReviewPMID: 36204104

Vasoactive intestinal peptide: a potential target for antiviral therapy

ReviewPMID: 35770640

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a putative neurotransmitter of nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) inhibitory innervation and its relevance to therapy

ReviewPMID: 2568497

The Use of IV Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (Aviptadil) in Patients With Critical COVID-19 Respiratory Failure: Results of a 60-Day Randomized Controlled Trial.

Randomized Controlled TrialPMID: 36044317

Intravenous aviptadil and remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19-associated hypoxaemic respiratory failure in the USA (TESICO): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Randomized Controlled TrialPMID: 37348524

Inhaled Aviptadil Is a New Hope for Recovery of Lung Damage due to COVID-19.

Randomized Controlled TrialPMID: 39870064

Aviptadil Therapy in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Meta-AnalysisPMID: 41368449

A Clinical Approach for the Use of VIP Axis in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases.

ReviewPMID: 31861827

An Overview of VPAC Receptors in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Biological Role and Clinical Significance.

ReviewPMID: 31695683

Vasoactive intestinal peptide gene polymorphisms, associated with its serum levels, predict treatment requirements in early rheumatoid arthritis.

Clinical TrialPMID: 29391448

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Decreases β-Amyloid Accumulation and Prevents Brain Atrophy in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

PreclinicalPMID: 30498985

A Synthetic Agonist to Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Receptor-2 Induces Regulatory T Cell Neuroprotective Activities in Models of Parkinson's Disease.

PreclinicalPMID: 31619964

Colonic delivery of vasoactive intestinal peptide nanomedicine alleviates colitis and shows promise as an oral capsule.

PreclinicalPMID: 32975467

Vasoactive intestinal peptide ameliorates renal injury in a pristane-induced lupus mouse model by modulating Th17/Treg balance.

PreclinicalPMID: 31488076

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Protects Salivary Glands against Structural Injury and Secretory Dysfunction via IL-17A and AQP5 Regulation in a Model of Sjogren Syndrome.

PreclinicalPMID: 29617700

Vasoactive intestinal peptide axis is dysfunctional in patients with Graves' disease.

Clinical TrialPMID: 32747757

Reversal of Refractory Ulcerative Colitis and Severe Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Symptoms Arising from Immune Disturbance in an HLA-DR/DQ Genetically Susceptible Individual with Multiple Biotoxin Exposures.

Clinical TrialPMID: 27165859

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide/vasoactive intestinal peptide (Part 2): biology and clinical importance in central nervous system and inflammatory disorders.

ReviewPMID: 33481421

Always consult a qualified clinician

This information is for educational purposes. Peptide therapy should be guided by a licensed healthcare provider. Connect with a Noho clinician

Related Peptides

Quick Facts

Class
Neuropeptide
Evidence
Moderate
Safety
Moderate Data
Updated
Mar 2026
Citations
27PubMed

Also known as

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Tags

Anti-InflammatoryNeuroprotectionImmune ModulationGut Health

Evidence Score

Overall Confidence58%

Clinical Trials

View Clinical Trials

Links to ClinicalTrials.gov for reference. Listing does not imply endorsement.

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